50 Most Frequently Used UNIX / Linux Commands (With Examples)by Ramesh Natarajan on November 8, 2010 TweetThis article provides practical examples for 50 most frequently used commands in Linux / UNIX.This is not a comprehensive list by any means, but this should give you a jumpstart on some of the common Linux commands. Bookmark this article for your future reference.Did I miss any frequently used Linux commands? Leave a comment and let me know.1. tar command examplesCreate a new tar archive.$ tar cvf archive_name.tar dirname/ Extract from an existing tar archive.$ tar xvf archive_name.tar View an existing tar archive.$ tar tvf archive_name.tar More tar examples: The Ultimate Tar Command Tutorial with 10 Practical Examples2. grep command examplesSearch for a given string in a file (case in-sensitive search). $ grep -i "the" demo_file Print the matched line, along with the 3 lines after it.$ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_text Search...

Top 25 Best Linux Performance Monitoring and Debugging Toolsby Ramesh Natarajan on December 7, 2011 TweetI’ve compiled 25 performance monitoring and debugging tools that will be helpful when you are working on Linux environment. This list is not comprehensive or authoritative by any means.However this list has enough tools for you to play around and pick the one that is suitable your specific debugging and monitoring scenario.1. SARUsing sar utility you can do two things: 1) Monitor system real time performance (CPU, Memory, I/O, etc) 2) Collect performance data in the background on an on-going basis and do analysis on the historical data to identify bottlenecks.Sar is part of the sysstat package. The following are some of the things you can do using sar utility.Collective CPU usageIndividual CPU statisticsMemory used and availableSwap space used and availableOverall I/O activities of the systemIndividual device I/O activitiesContext switch statisticsRun queue and load average dataNe...

How to Enable GD Library in PHP with LibJPEG, FreeType and LibPNGIn PHP you can manipulate image files using GD library. It support several formats including GIF, PNG, JPEG, etc. You can use LibGD library to stream images directly from your application to the browser.This tutorial explains how to enable GD functionality in PHP.Download LibJPEG LibraryFirst, download the LibJPG files from here. Or, you can use the wget below to download it directly.cd /usr/save wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v9.tar.gz Install LibJPEG LibraryOnce you’ve downloaded it, extract the archive and install it as shown below.tar xvfz jpegsrc.v9.tar.gz cd jpeg-9 ./configure make make install This will install the jpeg libraries in the default /usr/local/lib/ location as shown below.# ls /usr/local/lib/*jpeg* /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.a /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la* /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.so -> libjpeg.so.9.0.0* /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.so.9 -> libjpeg.so.9.0.0* /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.so.9.0.0* ...

/usr/include/libpng12/pngconf.h:337: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before 'include' make: *** [/usr/src/freetype-2.5.0.1/objs/sfnt.lo] Error 1 在安装最新版freetype-2.5时,configure后报以上错误信息。 ./configure --without-png mmake make install 安装Freetyper时，加参数 without-png   这样在./configure  就不会再出现以下的报错

首先下载好软件包。 wget http://iweb.dl.sourceforge.net/project/freetype/freetype2/2.5.0/freetype-2.5.0.1.tar.bz2 然后解压出来。tar xvfj freetype-2.5.0.1.tar.bz2 cd freetype-2.5.0.1/ ./configure --without-png make make install  安装Freetyper时，加参数 without-png  这样在./configure  就不会再出现以下的报错 /usr/include/libpng12/pngconf.h:336: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '.' token /usr/include/libpng12/pngconf.h:337: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before 'include' make: *** [/usr/src/freetype-2.5.0.1/objs/sfnt.lo] Error 1

Introduction to FreeType2 The FreeType2 package contains a library which allows applications to properly render TrueType fonts. This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-7.4 platform. Package Information Download (HTTP): http://downloads.sourceforge.net/freetype/freetype-2.5.0.1.tar.bz2 Download MD5 sum: c72e9010b1d986d556fc0b2b5fcbf31a Download size: 1.5 MB Estimated disk space required: 35 MB (includes installing additional documentation) Estimated build time: 0.2 SBU Additional Downloads ...

RedFlag Linux SP3 升级最新版gcc4.8.1首先需要准备需要材料：mpc-1.0.1.tar.gzmpfr-3.1.2.tar.gzgmp-5.1.3.tar.gz 分别解压缩tar zxvf gmp-5.1.3.tar.gz tar zxvf mpfr-3.1.2.tar.gztar zxvf mpc-1.0.1.tar.gz解压之后, 按照下面步骤安装。1. 安装gmp：# ./configure --prefix=/usr# make# make check这一步用来查看有没有文件不匹配或缺失,然后安装：# make install2. 安装mpfr配置：# /configure --prefix=/usr# make# make check接下来安装：# make install3. 安装mpc配置：# /configure --prefix=/usr# make# make check接下来安装：# make install准备工作完成，以下是gcc的安装与更新。4. 配置　　在我的机器上，我是这样配置的：　　$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-libgcj-multifile --disable-libmudflap --enable-languages=c,c++,java,fortran --disable-libgcj --with-cpu=generic (注：/usr/是自定的安装目录）　　将GCC安装在/usr/local/gcc4.8目...

编译GCC-4.8.1 报以下错误，怎么解决。官网没给解决方法,只说到config.log中找更多错误信息checking for suffix of object files... configure: error: in `/home/manu/gcc/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libgcc':configure: error: cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compileSee `config.log' for more details.make[2]: *** [configure-stage1-target-libgcc] Error 1make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/manu/gcc/gcc'最后在config.log文件中发现更多报错信息。opt/gcc-4.8.1/host-i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/cc1: error while loading shared libraries: libmpc.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory/opt/gcc-4.8.1/host-i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/cc1: error while loading shared libraries: libmpc.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directoryconfigure:3605: error: in `/opt/gcc-4.8.1/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libgcc':configure:3608: error: cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compile/usr/local/lib/libmpc.so.3,可以找到此文件1) 如果共享库文件安装到了/lib或/usr/lib目录下, 那么需执行一下ldconfig...

GMP-4.2.2 Introduction to GMP The GMP package contains math libraries. These have useful functions for arbitrary precision arithmetic. Package Information Download (HTTP): http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-4.2.2.tar.bz2 Download (FTP): ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-4.2.2.tar.bz2 Download MD5 sum: 7ce52531644e6d12f16911b7e3151f3f Download size: 1.7 MB Estimated disk space required: 36 MB (additional 11 MB for alternative documentation) Estimated build time: 1.0 SBU (additional 0.6 SBU to run the testsuite) ...

/bin/rm: cannot remove `libtoolT': No such file or directory 、 在 CentOS 5.4 下编译安装MySQL时出错： /bin/rm: cannot remove `libtoolT: No such file or directory 解决问题。具体方法是： 在执行./configure 之前，先执行： # autoreconf --force --install # libt 在 CentOS 5.4 下编译安装MySQL时出错：/bin/rm: cannot remove `libtoolT': No such file or directory网上搜寻后，解决问题。具体方法是：在执行./configure 之前，先执行：# autoreconf --force --install# libtoolize --automake --force# automake --force --add-missing# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/var/lib/mysql